WEEK 3 : COMPUTER NETWORKING

DEFINITION of COMPUTER NETWORK 💢

computer network is a collection of computers and other hardware devices so that network users can share hardware, software, data and they can communicate with each other electronically. 


types of networks

Local Area Network (LAN)

1. - covers relatively small geographical area such as home, school and office building
2. - client/server network are examples of LAN
3. - allows file exchange, emails, printers sharing or accessing the internet.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

1. - Network designed to service a metropolitan area, a city or a country.
2. - owned or provided by a city or network provider
3. - for local peoples access to internet

Wide Area Network (WAN)

1. - network that covers large / broad geographical area
2. - exp : telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries using private or public network transport
3. -internet : world's largest WAN

NETWORK COMPONENTS

HOST/END NOTES

1. -refers to the data source and the data destination.
2. -example : personal computers & ATM

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

1. -for transmitting data and control signals
2. -responsible for sending electric or signal through specific media. it can be bounded (wired) or wireless media. 

the chart shows the division in transmission media

NETWORK ELECTRONIC DEVICES

1. -responsible to control data from source to destination.
2. -provide interface between different media transmitter or for different protocol
3. -to connect multiple network together or to connect computer or network to the internet.
4. -examples : bridges, routers. switches, hubs, gateways, multiplexer, front end processor

APPLICATIONS/SOFTWARE

1. -the application at the end notes that normally involves technique and protocols.
2. -the protocol determines the rules and procedures to send, terminate, interpret, and present data & control mistakes.
3. -software in the network functions to ensure data is delivered at respective destination.
4. -to control data transmission

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE STANDARD & PROTOCOL

1. -the blueprint of standards that define how device in a network typically connect & how the device can communicate.
2. -to ensure interoperability between various devices and equipment made by different vendors.
3. -to enable devices made by different companies to work or communicate with each other.
4. -examples : wi-fi, ethernet

there are 2 types of network architecture :

CLIENT/SERVER NETWORKS

1. -client = computers that request or utilize network resources 
2. -server = processing the request by client
3. -provide access to software, files tec being shared in the network
4. -retrieves file from server : download
5. -transfer from client to server : upload

PEER TO PEER NETWORK

1. -no central server
2. -have direct access to other devices attached to the network
3. -as long as they declared as 'shared devices'
4. -internet peer to peer such as : iTunes, Bluetooth

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

1. the study of the arrangement or mapping of the elements (links,nodes) of a network especially the physical and logical interconnection between nodes.
2. it is how the hardware / devices are placed and arranged

PHYSICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY

1. -The physical layout of devices on a network .or the way that the devices on a network are arranged and how they communicate with each other.
2. -the way the workstation are connected to the network through the actual cables that transmit data. 
3. -there are 5 types of physical topology which are linear bus, ring/star-wired, star, tree/hybrid, and mesh. 

a) linear bus

-consists of central cable to which all devices are connected with a terminator at each end.

b) ring

-each of the systems is connected to its respective neighbour forming a ring

-no terminator and no bounce back signal

c) star

-all networked devices are connected directly to the central device
-from central devices, all networks transmission are sent 

d) tree/hybrid

-can incorporate structures such as ring, star and bus network in one large network.
-it consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable.
-allow for the expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs. 

e) mesh

-computers have redundant physical connections to one another.

this video combining all the physical network topology roughly.

LOGICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY

1. -the logical topology is about how the system communicates across the physical topologies.
2. -the way that the signals act on the network media, or the way that the data passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices.
3. -there are 2 types os logical network topology which are shared media topology & token based topology

shared media

this is the simple concept about shared media topology😎

this is also the simple concept about token based topology 😅

for further explanation, click this 👇👇👇

http://it-tips.org/logical-topology/

http://www.conceptdraw.com/examples/physical-and-logical-network-layout

REFLECTION

to sum up, i learned how the 3 types of network function in our computer system. from the small area, to the big area, they use the different network. i also study the different type of network component and network topology. the network topology have variety of arrangement that has their own work.

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